The National Multiple Sclerosis Brain Bank (NMSBB) is a collaboration between investigators at Columbia University, Yale University, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH/NINDS). NMSBB facilitates innovative translational investigations of the target organ and selected, relevant, biosamples in multiple sclerosis (MS) to better understand the pathophysiology of the inflammatory and neurodegenerative components of MS. The NMSBB benefits from established programs for collecting tissues as well as for making specimens and data available to researchers for study. The National Multiple Sclerosis Brain Bank will expand systemic study of MS across the lifecycle, with potential to accelerate the development of effective interventions for prevention, disease management, and repair.